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Kitab Syamsul Maarif: A 13th-Century Grimoire on Arabic Magic
Kitab Syamsul Maarif or Shams al-Ma'arif wa Lata'if al-'Awarif is a book that contains various teachings and practices of Arabic magic and esoteric spirituality. It was written by Ahmad al-Buni, a scholar who lived in Ayyubid Egypt and died around 1225 CE (622 AH).[^1^]
The book is considered to be one of the most influential and popular works on magic in the Islamic world. It covers topics such as astrology, numerology, talismans, amulets, invocations, prayers, rituals, spells, and secrets of the natural world. It also provides guidance on how to achieve spiritual enlightenment and divine proximity through the knowledge of the names of God and the angels.[^1^]
Kitab Syamsul Maarif has been translated into various languages and has been widely circulated among Muslims of different regions and backgrounds. However, it has also been criticized and condemned by some scholars and authorities who consider it to be a source of deviation and superstition. They warn that the book contains elements of polytheism, heresy, and sorcery that can lead to apostasy and misguidance.[^2^]
Despite the controversy, Kitab Syamsul Maarif remains a valuable and respected work that reflects the rich and diverse heritage of Islamic mysticism and occultism. It is a testament to the creativity and curiosity of Ahmad al-Buni and his followers who sought to explore the hidden dimensions of reality and the human soul.[^2^]Ahmad al-Buni was born in Buna, a city in present-day Algeria, in the late 12th century. He belonged to the Quraysh tribe, the same tribe as the Prophet Muhammad. He was also a follower of the Maliki school of Islamic law. He traveled to Egypt, where he studied and taught various branches of knowledge, such as mathematics, philosophy, astronomy, and linguistics. He was especially interested in the mystical and occult aspects of Islam, such as Sufism, numerology, and magic.[^1^] [^2^]
He wrote several books on these topics, but his most famous and influential work is the Shams al-Ma'arif al-Kubra (The Great Sun of Gnosis), a comprehensive treatise on the theory and practice of magic. The book contains hundreds of chapters that deal with different types of magic, such as talismans, amulets, invocations, prayers, rituals, spells, and secrets of the natural world. The book also provides guidance on how to achieve spiritual enlightenment and divine proximity through the knowledge of the names of God and the angels.[^1^] [^2^]
The book was based on al-Buni's own experiences and experiments with magic, as well as his extensive knowledge of previous works on the subject. He drew inspiration from various sources, such as the Quran, the Hadith, the works of earlier Muslim scholars and mystics, such as Ibn Arabi and al-Ghazali, and the works of ancient Greek and Persian philosophers and magicians, such as Pythagoras and Hermes Trismegistus.[^1^] [^2^]
The book was widely circulated and copied throughout the Islamic world and beyond. It became a popular reference for many practitioners of magic and esoteric arts. It also influenced many later writers and movements that shared al-Buni's interest in magic and mysticism. However, it also faced criticism and condemnation from some scholars and authorities who considered it to be a source of deviation and superstition. They warned that the book contained elements of polytheism, heresy, and sorcery that can lead to apostasy and misguidance.[^1^] [^2^] 061ffe29dd